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Freshman English
Mr. Montague has posted each of the vocabulary lesson packets on his website. His classes' due dates are NOT the same as ours, so please disregard them. Feel free to print the lessons and/or words if you've forgotten or lost the packet I gave you.
Vocabulary Link: http://staff.gpschools.org/montaga/Freshmen/Vocab%202009/Fresh%20Voc%20Sched%2009.htm
Short Story Literary Analysis Paragraphs
Paragraph 1-give a brief summary of the story without spoiling the ending. Include the author, title, and genre.
Paragraph 2-Pick one literary element and discuss the impact on the story and reader.
Short Story Basic Requirements
Eight Parts of Speech
1. Noun- person, place, thing 2. Verb- indicates action or state of being State of Being Verbs: am is are was were be being been do does did have has had may must might shall should can could will would taste feel look smell 3. pronoun-takes the place of a noun 4. adjective-modifies (describes) nouns and pronouns. Answers questions---what kind, how many, and which one(s) 5. adverbs-modifies (describes) verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs---usually ends in –ly. Answers the questions—how, when, where, and to what extent. 6. preposition-relates its object to another word in the sentence. 7. interjection-shows excitement or emotion. 8. conjunction-combines words, phrases, and clauses
Basic Essay Structure
Introductory Paragraph
Sentence 1: Introduce Topic (no opinion)
Sentence 2-3: Narrow Focus
Sentence 4: Thesis Statement
Body Paragraph(s)
Sentence 1: Topic Sentence
Sentence 2: Example To Support Topic Sentence
Sentence 3: Explanation of Example
Sentence 4: Example To Support Topic Sentence
Sentence5: Explanation of Example
Sentence 6: Restate Topic Sentence
Concluding Paragraph
Sentence 1: Restate Thesis Statement
Sentences 2-3: Summarize Main Points (Topic Sentences)
Sentence 4: Clincher (Slam The Door!)
Choose One of The Following and Write A Response on loose leaf paper using one side of the paper only: 1. What is the difference between the law of love and fellowship in the Southland and the law of club and fang in the Northland? Explain. Be sure to use examples. 2. In their fight to the death, why is Buck able to defeat Spitz? Explain. Be sure to use examples. 3. What conflicts that Buck has experienced seem to be the most challenging? Explain. Be sure to use examples.
Week 2 Vocabulary Words and Exercises:
Week 1 vocabulary words: archaic, argot, connotation, denotation, idiom, jargon, semantics, slang, standard, vernacular Review for Freshman English Second Semester Final Exam Your exam will consist of two equally weighted parts: Part I: You will have 45 minutes to complete 42 multiple choice questions – You will read several poems or short passages and for each of them you will respond to several multiple choice questions. These questions could pertain to theme, language, sentence structure, figures of speech, conflict, characterization, literary techniques or conventions, tone, rhetorical techniques, or paraphrase. Part II: You will have 45 minutes for the Constructed Essay Response – You will be asked to read a passage and respond in writing to a prompt. The prompt will ask you to identify imagery and figurative language and evaluate how effectively it helps the author to convey a message to readers. Terminology: Know these terms for the final exam. These terms are used in the questions or the multiple-choice options in Part I of the exam. They could also be terms you will look for and discuss in your written response in Part II of the exam. Monologue Sentence Paraphrase Drama Phrase Sensory Images/Imagery Act Clause Alliteration Scene Antecedent Onomatopoeia Stage Directions Internal Rhyme Dialogue Conflict End Rhyme Characters Atmosphere/Mood Rhyme Scheme Soliloquy Theme Stanza Aside Character Couplet Setting Quatrain Main Idea Resolution Meter Supporting Details Iambic Pentameter Inferences Blank Verse Drawing Conclusions Figurative Language Free Verse Paradox Sonnet Contrast Tone The Writing Process Simile Theme Pre-Writing/Brainstorming Metaphor Drafting Personification Flashback Revising Hyperbole Foreshadowing Editing Symbol Verbal Irony Publishing Situational Irony Rhetorical Techniques Dramatic Irony Parallel Structure Allusion Repetition Connotation of a word Denotation of a word Tone Appeals to reason, emotion, and authority (see below)
Appeal to reason – A call upon the reader’s ability to think in a rational way in order to persuade the reader’s thoughts. Appeal to Authority – A call upon an individual or other source as an expert to strengthen an argument made by the author of a work. Appeal to emotion – This is a popular approach in arguments. Instead of presenting evidence in an argument, it relies on expressive language and other devices calculated to incite enthusiasm, excitement, anger, or hatred on the part of the reader. 5/21/08 Impromptu Scenario Scenario: Speaking up
I was at a party, relaxed,
enjoying myself when the joke telling began: “There were three ______ who went
to the …” The joke progressed. It was clearly demeaning to a group of people.
Lit Analysis/Lit Crit Intro Include poet's name and discuss overall impression of the poet's work
Body 1 Summarize and focus on the main poem you've chosen. Discuss its strengths and flaws. Be sure to give examples and identify line numbers.
Body 2 Recommendations--Would you recommend people read the poet's work? Why or why not-- or both.
Concl Wrap it up!
Include bibliography
#___________________ Name_______________________ Date_____________Hour_______ Poetry Research Project Poet’s Name____________________________________________ Three Poems____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Romeo and Juliet Final Project
1. Neat and creative cover -- 5 points 2. Create two license plates -- 10 points Using letters and numbers, create a “custom vanity plate” that capture a theme or important aspect of the play. You may use the license plate creator at the following website: http://www.acme.com/licensemaker/licensemaker.cgi?state=. In addition, you must write a ½ page double spaced explanation for each license plate you created. Discuss and defend why it is important to the play.
3. Create a
scrapbook page for Romeo OR Juliet – 15 points DUE DATE: TUESDAY, APRIL 29, 2008 (You will have additional assignments during this time; that is why you have been given such a long amount of time to finish the project. This is an important lesson in planning and time management. This is an important grade—please take it seriously. License Plate Builder website: http://www.acme.com/licensemaker/licensemaker.cgi?state= Reading Delia: Sonnet 1 Student Name ___________________________________________________ Date ________________ INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following sonnet and respond to the questions below. Note that the sonnet is written in Early Modern English, so some words may look odd to you. With a little effort, you should be able to discern the meaning (hint: sometimes "v" replaces "u," or vice-versa, as in "Vnto" or "reueale"). Use the space between lines to annotate unclear passages. Delia. Contayning certayne Sonnets: vvith the complaint of Rosamond. by Samuel Daniel TO DELIA Sonnet I. Vnto the boundles Ocean of thy beautie Runs this poore riuer, charg'd with streames of zeale: Returning thee the tribute of my dutie, Which heere my loue, my youth, my playnts reueale. Heere I vnclaspe the booke of my charg'd soule, Where I have cast th'accounts of all my care: Heere have I summ'd my sighes, heere I enroule Howe they were spent for thee; Looke what they are. Looke on the deere expences of my youth, And see how iust I reckon with thyne eyes: Examine well thy beautie with my trueth, And crosse my cares ere greater summes arise. Reade it sweet maide, though it be doone but slightly; Who can shewe all his loue, doth loue but lightly. Permission is granted to educators to reproduce thi s worksheet for classroom use 'You Kiss by the Book': Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet — http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=303
Sonnet Unscrambler Student Name ___________________________________________________ Date ________________ Try your knowledge and luck to unscramble the following sonnet. Then determine its meaning and message: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And often is his gold complexion dimm’d, And every fair from fair sometime declines, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Nor shall Death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. And summer’s lease hath all too short a date; Hints for Unscrambling the Sonnet Sonnets are often organized in much the same way as a paragraph. 1. Locate the 2 lines that provide an introduction and generalization about the sonnet's subject. These will begin the sonnet. 2. Find the two rhyming lines that explain what the overall point of the sonnet is. These will be sonnet's concluding lines. 3. Group the lines by rhyme, then group them by subject. See if the end punctuation to each line provides some clues to grouping. 4. Look at the beginning word in each line. If the line begins with a conjunction, such as and, but, or, nor, for, yet, or so, try to find the line before it that links with it in content. Look for conjunctions that show a contrast to the previous thoughts, such as but or yet. These introduce an important shift in thought or a different angle on the subject and can help with grouping the lines by meaning. Based on the number of lines that take the same angle on the topic, determine where the shift in the sonnet occurs.#__________________ Name_____________________________ Directions: You are one of Martin Luther King’s children and you have been asked to give a speech honoring your father. Before you can really do this, you need to know who you are. Answer the following questions to help you get into “character” before you write your speech. This sheet is due Friday, December 2 with your completed speech. What is your name?
How old are you?
When and where were you born?
Do you have any memories of your father Martin Luther King?
What do you believe his greatest accomplishment was?
What do you believe his legacy to be?
What is your greatest accomplishment?
What do you want your legacy to be?
Where do you live?
How long have you lived there?
What do you like about living there?
What would you change about living there?
What do you do for a living?
Did you attend college?
Have you earned any college degrees?
Have you earned any awards or special recognitions?
Do you have a family?
If yes, who does it consist of?
Are you married?
If yes, for how long?
Are you a parent?
If yes, how many children?
What are their names and ages?
What is your greatest childhood memory?
What is your worst childhood memory?
What goals have you set for yourself?
Have you achieved them?
What is the best thing about being Martin Luther King’s child?
What is the worst thing about being Martin Luther King’s child?
Anything else you would like to add?
What day have you chose to give this speech?
Why have you chosen that day? What is the significance?
What location have you chosen for the speech?
Why have you chosen that location? What is the significance?
Why did you agree to make the speech?
What is the title of your speech?
MLK Dream Speech Assignment Read and discuss MLK’s Dream Speech Fill out the MLK form They should create a situation in their minds that will allow them to become the person they created so that the speech they write and deliver will be realistic and believable. When they finish the form, they work on their speeches. They should consider using repetition, allusion, imagery, and other literary techniques to make their speech better. The form will be turned in with their speeches. They will be presenting their speeches in class as well as handing them in. You are one of Martin Luther King’s children. You have been asked to make a speech honoring your father. You’ve been asked to address what he spoke of and fought for in your speech. You must write the speech, title it, decide where it will be given (location) and when (date). You should look at MLK’s I have a dream speech to see examples of the use of repetition, allusion, imagery, parallelism, as well as other literary techniques that will improve your speech. Writing Assessment Non-Fiction “Thinking Like a Mountain” Aldo Leopold Analyze how Leopold’s language encourages and illustrates the relationship between humans and nature.
By the age of four, Roger Dean Kiser had been abandoned, first by his parents and then his grandparents and placed in a Florida orphanage. Unable to adapt to the difficult, often cruel and abusive environment of the orphanage, and stigmatized by his repeated attempts to run away, he was transferred to a Florida reform school at age twelve.
Butterflies
I sat there in the dirt, by that big old tree, for the longest time trying
to fit all the butterfly pieces back together so I could bury them whole, but it
was too hard to do. So I prayed for them and then I put them in an old torn up
shoe box and I buried them in the bottom of the fort that I had built in the
ground, out by the large bamboos, near the blackberry bushes. Final TKAM Writing Prompt Topic: Social Criticism and TKAM Thesis: To Kill A Mockingbird is more than just a story. It is a stand against injustice and the mistreatment of people.
List of Elements Character: a person or animal who takes part in the action of a literary work. Main Character: protagonist who is the most important individual in the story, the focus of the reader's attention Round Character: full developed with both good and bad traits revealed and background is revealed Flat Character: possesses only one or two traits Dynamic Character: changes during the story Static Character: does not change during the story Climax: the highest point of interest or suspense Conflict: a struggle between opposing forces External Conflict: character struggles against some outside person or force Internal Conflict: struggle takes place within the protagonist's mind to reach some new understanding or decision Drama: a story written to be performed by actors Fiction: prose writing that tells about imaginary characters and events Flashback: a section of a literary work that interrupts the sequence of events to relate an event from an earlier time. Foreshadowing: clues that suggest events that have yet to occur, what may happen next, creates suspense Irony: techniques that involve surprising, interesting, or amusing contradictions Plot: sequence of events that contains conflicts, climax, and resolution
TKAM Chapter 23 Study Questions
1. How did Bob Ewell confront Atticus? How did Atticus react? What does Atticus's reaction reveal about his character?
2. What does circumstantial evidence mean in terms of Tom's trial?
3. Why don't Maycomb citizens sit on juries in their town?
4. Why does Scout want to befriend Walter Cunningham now (after learning more about the inner workings of the trial)?
5. Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not "our kind or folks"? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class and/or race? Are class/race-divisions good or bad for societies?
6. Identify evidence in the story that reveals Scout is naive and childlike and Jem is more mature and adult-like in his understanding of people.
WRITING ASSIGNMENT - Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men Essay
PROMPT Now that you have completed reading the novelette, you know that George kills Lennie. This act is presented as the humane thing to do for Lennie, which it very well could have been. Playing Devil's Advocate, though, one could ask if, indeed, this was the correct decision. If Lennie had been taken to trial, perhaps he would have been excused on grounds of lack of mental competence and may have been given a better life than he had had with George. In this writing assignment, we're putting George on trial for murdering Lennie. You are to become either the attorney for George's defense or the prosecuting attorney. Your assignment is to write your closing arguments to the jury. (Closing arguments are a lawyers final summary of his case and his best efforts at persuading the jury to his side.)
To begin, decide which side you want to take--George's defense or the prosecution. On a piece of paper, jot down the main points, the facts which will support your case. Decide which points are your strongest and which of the arguments you will make are weaker. Organize your points from weakest to strongest and jot down anything you can think of which will support or explain your points.
DRAFTING Begin with an introductory paragraph in which you introduce the jury to your side of the case. Follow that with one paragraph for each of the main points you have to support your case. Fill in each paragraph with examples and facts which support your main point. Then, write a paragraph in which you make your final closing statements.
PROMPT When you finish your rough draft, ask a student who sits near you to read it. After reading your rough draft, he/she should tell you what he/she liked best about your work, which parts were difficult to understand, and ways in which your work could be improved. Reread your paper considering your critic's comments and make the corrections you think are necessary.
PROOFREADING Do a final proofreading of your paper double-checking your grammar, spelling, organization, and the clarity of your ideas.
Study Questions and Answers - Of Mice and Men Chapter 1 1. Identify and give a physical description of Lennie and George. Lennie was a huge man, shapeless of face with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders, and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little. Lennie is George's friend, who is not very smart but is an extremely strong man and a good worker. George was small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. He had small, strong hands, slender arms, a thin and bony nose. George took care of Lennie as they traveled together.
2. What is George's first complaint to Lennie? George's first complaint is that Lennie is drinking too much water. This is just the first of a series of complaints George has about Lennie. He is almost always complaining about Lennie, but that doesn't change the fact that he appreciates Lennie's companionship.
3. What trouble did George and Lennie have in Weed? All we learn in chapter 1 is that some men came after George and Lennie for something they had done. We later learn that apparently Lennie touched a girl's dress to feel the material. When she tried to move, he got excited and confused and held on even tighter. The girl accused him of trying to rape her, and that's when the men came looking for him.
4. What is in Lennie's pocket? Why does he have it? A dead mouse is in Lennie's pocket. He has it because he likes to pet soft things.
5. George bursts into a long speech about what he could do if he were alone. What could he do? He could take his money and go to a cat house or out drinking whiskey all night or spend his time playing cards at a pool hall; in short, the things the lonely ranch hands do.
6. Lennie offers to go away and live in a cave. What is George's response? He tells Lennie that Lennie wouldn't survive, that he couldn't find any food or take care of himself. Then, he admits to Lennie that he doesn't want him to go.
7. Why are George and Lennie different from the other "guys like us that work on ranches"? They are different because each one has the other to look out for him.
8. What are George and Lennie going to do someday? Someday George and Lennie are going to have a little piece of land with a little shack. They'll have some animals and some crops -- especially a little alfalfa patch so Lennie can pick it and feed the rabbits. They're going to live off the fat of the land, where no one can tell them to get out or boss them around.
9. What two things does George want Lennie to remember? George wants Lennie to remember to not say anything when they talk to the boss and to return to this campsite if he gets into trouble.
10. Why did George want to camp overnight instead of going another quarter of a mile to the ranch? At the ranch in the evening there would be too many people for Lennie to deal with at once; he might get confused. Also, it would give Lennie a chance to prove himself as a good worker before everyone would discover how slow he was mentally.
Chapter 2 1. What does George answer when the boss asks what he is trying to put over? He says he isn't trying to put anything over, that he and Lennie travel together; they are cousins. He says that Lennie is slow mentally because he got kicked in the head by a horse, but that he is a strong, good worker who follows orders well.
2. Identify and describe Curley. Curley was the boss' son. He was a young man with a brown face, brown eyes and a head of tightly curled hair. He wore a work glove on his left hand, and he wore high-heeled boots. Curley was a little man, but had been a boxing champion. He didn't like anybody and was always picking fights.
3. The swamper said, "Seems like Curley ain't givin' nobody a chance." Explain. If Curley would fight a big man and win, everyone would think he was very strong and would congratulate him. If Curley would fight a big man and lose, everyone would feel sorry for him and tell the big man to pick on someone his own size. Either way, Curley would come out the favorite of the crowd.
4. What advice does George give Lennie after Curley and the swamper leave? George tells Lennie to stay away from Curley, that he is nothing but trouble. Lennie replies that he doesn't like this place, and he wants to leave.
5. Identify Slim and Carlson.
Slim and Carlson are other ranch hands. Slim seems very reasonable and respected and tries to understand George and Lennie. Carlson is later responsible for killing Candy's dog.
6. What does Slim have that Lennie wants? Slim's dog has just had a litter of puppies. Lennie wants one.
Chapter 3 1. Slim and George have a long conversation. Slim says it's funny how George and Lennie go around together. What is George's answer? He explains that Lennie had no one else to take care of him, and George assumed the responsibility. He admits that Lennie is a pain in the neck sometimes, but that "you kinda get used to going around with a guy and after a while you can't get rid of 'm."
2. Identify Candy. Candy is the swamper. He is an older man who has at some time lost one hand. He has an old dog he raised from a pup and although he realizes that the dog must be in misery, he can't bring himself to shoot it.
3. What did Carlson do with his Luger? Why? Carlson shot Candy's dog to put it out of its misery because Candy couldn't bring himself to do it.
4. What card game does George play? George plays solitaire.
5. Describe Curley's wife. What's the problem about her? Curley's wife dresses and acts like a tramp, according to the men. The problem is that she is lonesome since Curley won't let her talk to anyone. She keeps coming around the bunkhouse and barn to talk to the men (and to make advances), and then Curley gets jealous and mad with the men and tries to start fights.
6. What will Lennie's job be when he and George get their land? Lennie's job will be to tend the rabbits.
7. What does Candy want when he hears about George's and Lennie's plans? What is he willing to contribute? Candy wants to join George and Lennie on their land. He is willing to put up several hundred dollars he has saved.
8. Why did Curley fight with Lennie? What happened? Lennie was smiling, thinking about the land when Carlson and Candy were verbally attacking Curley. Curley sees Lennie smiling and assumes he is laughing at him. Curley begins beating on Lennie, who remains with his hands at his sides until George tells him several times to go ahead and fight back. Lennie grabs Curley's hand, and although he wasn't trying to hurt him, he crushes the hand, breaking several bones.
Chapter 4 1. Identify Crooks. Crooks is the black stable hand. He has apparently worked on this ranch for some time, judging from his accumulated possessions.
2. Lennie tells Crooks about the land. What is his reply at first? Crooks tells Lennie that he is nuts. He says he's seen hundreds of hands come and go with the same dream of having a piece of land, and none of them ever actually did get any land. "Nobody gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. It's just in their head."
3. What does Crooks want when he believes there might really be land? He wants to join the men on the land and will work for free, for just being able to live there.
4. Why did Curley's wife come to the barn? She was looking for Curley, she said, but she actually came to talk to the men and find some company.
5. Why did Crooks change his mind after Curley's wife left? He realized that the dream could never come true for him. He was a Negro who had just been put in his place by a white woman, and this fact brought back the harsh reality of his life.
Chapter 5 1. What happened to Lennie's puppy? What is his reaction? Lennie's puppy died because he handled it too roughly. He knows George is going to be mad, and he thinks George won't let him tend the rabbits now.
2. Why did Curley's wife come to see Lennie? Curley's wife came to see Lennie because she figured out that he crushed Curley's hand and wouldn't be afraid of Curley anymore -- he was the most likely candidate for her advances at this time.
3. What did she tell Lennie? She told Lennie that she didn't like Curley and that she had had other opportunities to go places and make something of herself, but she couldn't take advantage of them, so she married Curley as the next most likely way to get out of her hometown.
4. Why did Lennie kill Curley's wife? Curley's wife invited him to feel her soft hair. As we may have guessed from the foreshadowing event in Weed, he gets a little too rough and when Curley's wife starts to struggle, he gets confused and holds even tighter. When she starts to yell, Lennie thinks George will hear and will be mad that he is communicating with the woman, so he covers her mouth. Lennie gets more and more confused as to what to do (thinking that between the puppy's death and his talking to Curley's wife, George is going to be furious). Finally, he shakes her and her neck snaps.
5. What was George's reaction when he found out about Curley's wife's death? He didn't want the men to think he had anything to do with it, and then he tried to think how he could protect Lennie. He went and got his hat and coat and the Luger before he joined the men.
6. What was Curley's reaction to his wife's death? Curley was furious, and right away assumed Lennie had done it. He was out for revenge to kill Lennie.
Chapter 6 1. How and why did George kill Lennie? George met Lennie at the old campsite and tried to tell him he wasn't mad. He realized that the only way to protect Lennie from the devastating punishment which would be inflicted upon him was to kill him. He made up with Lennie and talked to him about the land, making Lennie look across the water to "see" it. Then he shot him with the Luger in the most humane way possible. George did what he had to do as Lennie's friend.
2. Who is the only one who really understands what George did? When the men arrived, Slim was the only one who could sympathize with George. Because of their earlier conversation, he understood the relationship between George and Lennie.
Registers of Language
Frozen--Language that is always the same--it doesn't change (Lord's Prayer, Pledge of Allegiance, etc)
Formal-The standard sentence syntax and word choice of work and school. Has complete sentences and specific word choices.
Consultative-Formal register when used in conversation. discourse pattern not quite as direct as formal register.
Casual-Language between friends and is characterized by a 400-800 word vocabulary. Word choice general and not specific. Conversation dependent upon nonverbal assists. Sentence syntax often incomplete.
Intimate-Language between lovers or twins. Language of sexual harassment.
Adapted from Martin Joos's research by Ruby K. Payne, A Framework for Understanding Poverty.
Elements of a Short Story A short story is a short work of fiction. Fiction, as you know, is prose writing about imagined events and characters. Prose writing differs from poetry in that it does not depend on verses, meters or rhymes for its organization and presentation. Novels are another example of fictional prose and are much longer than short stories. Some short stories, however, can be quite long. If a a short story is a long one, say fifty to one hundred pages, we call it a novella. American literature contains some of the world's best examples of the short story. Readers around the world enjoy the finely crafted stories of American writers such as O. Henry, Stephen Crane, Jack London, Mark Twain and Edgar Allen Poe. What makes these authors such remarkable short story writers? They are true masters at combining the five key elements that go into every great short story: character, setting, conflict, plot and theme. (http://users.aber.ac.uk/jpm/ellsa/ellsa_elements.html) Helpful Definitions Plot-A plot is a series of events related to a central conflict or struggle. A typical plot involves the introduction of a conflict, its development, and its eventual resolution. Terms used to describe elements of plot and descriptions of them can be found on page 951 of the Freshman Lit Book. Flat Character-exhibits a single dominant characteristic (also called one-dimensional or caricature) Round Character-is one who exhibits the complexity of traits associated with actual human beings (also called three dimensional or full) Static Character-one who does not change during the course of the action Dynamic Character-one who does change Stock character- is one found again and again in different literary works. Symbol-a thing that stands for or represents both itself and something else. Denotation-dictionary definition Connotation-an emotional association attached to a word or expression Reading for SOAPS Notes What is the Subject? the general topic, content, ideas contained in the text. What is the Occasion? the time and place of the piece, the situation that provoked the writer to write? Who is the Audience? the group of readers to whom the piece is directed. What is the Purpose? the reason behind the text. Who is the Speaker? the voice behind the text, what do you know about him/her from reading the text?
Grammar Notes Eight Parts of Speech 1. Noun- person, place, thing 2. Verb- indicates action or state of being State of Being Verbs: am is are was were be being been do does did have has had may must might shall should can could will would taste feel look smell 3. 3. pronoun-takes the place of a noun 4. adjective-modifies (describes) nouns and pronouns. Answers questions---what kind, how many, and which one(s) 5. adverbs-modifies (describes) verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs---usually ends in –ly. Answers the questions—how, when, where, and to what extent. 6. preposition-relates its object to another word in the sentence. about beneath in past above beside inside since
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TRUE STORY 
